Contents this brochure assists you in selecting the right instruments. This manual is designed to fill a need which exists for a concise, elementary text to aid servicemen, salesman, students, and others interested in refrigeration. Txv is a device that controls the amount of refrigerant that flows to the evaporator. Modern refrigeration and air conditioning, 19th edition. Addisu dagne introduction to refrigeration definition. This course forms the foundation and as such it is imperative that all persons complete the course. There are no specific technical prerequisites required prior to beginning this course material. The term tons of refrigeration is also used to refer to the cooling load on a room or building. Best practices overview chapter 2 best practices overview the scope of refrigeration best practices this chapter addresses best practices for energy efficiency from a management level.
Engineering and technology college mechanical engineering department. Understanding the basic principles of refrigeration makes it easier to understand how the individual components of a refrigeration system operate and how they work together in the system. Heat flow is a basic principle of refrigeration in fact, of all hvac work. This is often measured at the liquids boiling point. Order reprints no comments this is another in a series of columns addressing advanced basics in the understanding of the refrigeration cycle. Intensive properties do not depend on the size of the system e.
Refrigeration fundamentals heatcraft worldwide refrigeration. It could also be said that refrigeration is the transfer of heat from one place where it is not wanted walk in cooler, to another less objectionable place outdoors. Ph diagram representation of a dry refrigeration cycle. It raises the pressure, temperature and enthalpy of the refrigerant by compressing the saturated gas, in an isentropic process, to a superheated. You will learn how theoretical refrigeration principles and laws knowledge are applied within the refrigeration industry. The compressor is a vapor compression pump which uses pistons or some other method to compress the refrigerant gas and send it on its way to the condenser. Basic cryogenic processes joulethomoson process, brayton process as well as claude process are described and compared. Basic concepts of refrigeration refrigeration refrigeration refrigeration is the science of producing and is maintaining temperatures below that of the surrounding atmosphere.
Tubing or lines make the system complete so that the refrigerant will not leak out into the atmosphere. May 09, 2012 hvac basic concepts of air conditioning 1. The suction line connects the evaporator or cooling coil to. This course represents all of the fundamental aspects of the theoretical knowledge and practical skills required by all persons wishing to work in the air conditioning andor the refrigeration fields. The refrigeration cycle tells us if there is air in the central air conditioner units, what to repair after troubleshooting the refrigeration system, if there is enough air conditioner freon, or if the ac filter is dirty. Industrial refrigeration best practices guide 5 chapter 2. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology 7th edition pdf. This interactive training unit is designed to introduce trainees to some of the basic principles of refrigeration system operation. In this component, the refrigerant starts as a cold, twophase substance part liquid, part.
This means the removal of the heat from a substance to be cooled. In this handbook, for manual psychrometric calculations and analyses. Also there are very nice examples which will help the beginners to grab the concepts easily. There are 4 main components in a mechanical refrigeration system. This is the amount of heat required to turn a liquid into a gas. Before refrigeration to cool a warm object before refrigeration was invented, humans placed material to be cooled near a cold object like a block of. Nature of heat heat is a form of energy contained to some extent in every substance on earth.
Part 1 this section explains in basic terms the principles that are used to create the refrigeration effect. Basic intermediate air conditioning and refrigeration academy. The content is in a format appropriate for students who are attending classes fulltime while preparing for their first job, for. Introduction and basic concepts of refrigeration and air conditioning. Concept of refrigeration effect rac tutorial1, this the first tutorials of refrigeration and air conditioning.
The science behind refrigeration berg chilling systems inc. Explain the basics of heat theory and the basic principles of refrigeration. Heat and refrigeration principles learning objective. The normal strategy in mechanical refrigeration is to get the heat to the refrigerant.
First of all, did you know that there is no such thing as cold. It will test your understanding of basic theory and the. Thermostatic expansion valve txv before the evaporator, this is located at the end of the liquid line. For example, in the refrigeration cycle, the evaporator cooling coil is. This book is very good for beginners and also for the experienced persons in the field of hvac. The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air. The problem is how to convey heat from an area of a given temperature to an area of higher temperature. Refrigeration principles pdf refrigeration industrytrade e. Graphics and animations are used in an attempt to make it easy to understand the concepts involved. Analyze the ideal vaporcompression refrigeration cycle. One ton of refrigeration equals 12,000 btu per hour btuh. When 1 pound of ice melts, it absorbs 144 btu, as latent energy. For example, they are used for air conditioning and to cool process liquids, gases, and equipment. When compiling the material for the booklet a deliberate attempt was made to pro.
Jun 02, 2005 this is another in a series of articles addressing advanced basics in the understanding of the refrigeration cycle. In this column and the next on july 4, we look at components. Basic intermediate air conditioning and refrigeration. Sep 10, 2016 the refrigeration cycle is a critical component of hvac systems and is governed by the principles of thermodynamics. Refrigeration vcr and vapour absorption refrigeration var. Here, wika is the competent partner for measuring instruments for pressure, temperature and calibration in all parts of refrigeration plants. The 3way valve in this example is capable of opening to either one port only or to both ports. Everything explained in a detailed manner with proper illustrations and language is very easy. The different stages in the refrigeration cycle are undergone in these physical systems. Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an area or a substance and is usually done by an artificial means of lowering the temperature, such as the use of ice or mechanical refrigeration. Understanding the basic principles of refrigeration makes it easier to understand how the individual components of a refrigeration system operate and how they work. Guide for air conditioning, refrigeration, and heating.
Refrigeration fundamentals 2175 west park place blvd. Back to basics whether youre new to refrigeration or just want to brush up on your basics, the following information may be useful. These books are used by students of top universities, institutes and colleges. In this article and the next, we look at components. This section explains in basic terms the principles that are used to create the. Air conditioning clinic refrigeration cycle one of the. Refrigeration cycle tutorial university of oklahoma. Refrigeration is a process that removes heat from a space, substance, or system to lower andor maintain its temperature below the ambient temperature. Most users of refrigeration products normally associate refrigeration or air conditioning with cold and cooling, yet the practice of refrigeration engineering deals almost entirely with the transfer of heat. Basic concepts of refrigeration refrigeration is the science of producing and maintaining temperatures below that of the surrounding atmosphere. The compressor the condensing coil the metering device the evaporator 3. We introduce four interrelated concepts that contribu te to good business decisions. Fundamentals of mechanical refrigeration systems course content introduction mechanical refrigeration is a thermodynamic process of removing heat from a lower temperature heat source or substance and transferring it to a higher temperature heat sink. Concept of refrigeration effect rac tutorial1 youtube.
The idea of using a refrigerant diagram is that it. This chapter gives an overview of the principles of low temperature refrigeration and the thermodynamics behind it. Damper water piping filter heat boiler cooling tower chilled water water pump chiller condenser pump slide 14. For any mechanical refrigeration system, the principles and essential components are the same no matter how big or small, or how they are. Basic concepts of air conditioning prepared exclusively for coach leatherware 2. The refrigeration system requires some means of connecting the basic major components evaporator, compressor, condenser, and metering device just as roads connect communities. Review the factors involved in selecting the right refrigerant for an application. This particular clinic introduces the concept of the vaporcompression refrigeration cycle. Compressor basic refrigeration cycle evaporator condenser receiver expansion device. In this episode of hvac school we discuss the entire basic refrigerant compression refrigeration cicuit. Introduce the concepts of refrigerators and heat pumps and the measure of their performance. Th movement cooling by the removal of heat the movement of heat from a place where it is notot a ted to a wanted to a.
The main components there are four main components in a refrigeration system. The compressor does work on the refrigeration system consumes energy. Energy in the form of heat is removed from a lowtemperature reservoir and transferred to a hightemperature reservoir. This seeming contradic tion is one of the most fundamental concepts that must. This seeming contradiction is one of the most fundamental concepts that must be grasped to understand the workings of a refrigeration. Other popular and amazing videos from ujjwal kumar sen all sfd and bmd tutorials. The course is structured with the more basic and simple content presented first. You could know the entire thing by knowing the pressure and temperature of the evaporator, condenser, and compressor. If an expander had been used the line from d to a would be a vertical line. This articles is introduction and basic concepts of refrigeration and air conditioning and pdf.
Table of contents section 1 basic refrigeration principles types of refrigerant. Destination page number search scope search text search scope search text. This article gives details about the functions of the compressor, discharge line, and condenser. It is intended to cover only the fundamentals of refrigeration theory and practice. Analyze the actual vaporcompression refrigeration cycle. Any components beyond these basic 4 are called accessories. Explain reading ancient texts 2 pdf the basic principle of a vapour absorption refrigeration system. This column will deal with the compressor, discharge line, and condenser. Pdf refrigeration and air conditioning books collection. Wet refrigeration cycle the expander has been substituted by a throttling valve. There you will find the floodback that is essential to maximise the productivity of the evaporator, while. Extensive properties depend on the size of the system e,g, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, etc. This section explains in basic terms the principles that are used to create the refrigeration effect. Before we dive in, lets get an understanding of four key concepts.
By studying and understanding the basic principles of refrigeration, you will be able to understand any type of refrigeration system you might encounter. Heat is added to the liquid which in this case is water causing its temperature to rise. Mechanical refrigeration is a thermodynamic process of removing heat from a. The refrigeration cycles can also be represented in a ph diagram. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology 7th edition pdf by william c. Compressor condenser metering device evaporator discharge line liquid line expansion line suction line and much more as always if you have an iphone subscribe hereand if you have an android phone subscribe here bryan orr founder podcaster. The process involves changes of thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant. Theory and applications 8 introduction 1 introduction 1. Modern refrigeration and air conditioning, 19th edition page 451. Refrigeration systems have a wide range of applications in many industries. Basic concepts of refrigeration systems contact ihrdc sales for corporate purchases add to cart price.
The refrigeration training course series is intended for users who want to improve or acquire knowledge and skills in refrigeration basics and the refrigeration cycle. Document resume ed 251 645 ce 040 232 author henderson, william edward, jr. Also covered in this chapter are the methods used for installing, maintaining, and repairing refrigeration equipment, including domestic refrigerators and freezers. Title artculated, performancebased instruction objectives. Vcr uses mechanical energy as the driving force for refrigeration, while var uses thermal energy as the driving force for refrigeration. May 21, 2007 the term tons of refrigeration is also used to refer to the cooling load on a room or building. The refrigeration cycle is a critical component of hvac systems and is governed by the principles of thermodynamics. Introduction and basic concepts of refrigeration and air. In the past, this was done by collecting ice in the winter and using its specific heat to cool as the ice melted. Pdf part 1 fundamentals of refrigeration refrigeration manual. One ton of refrigeration is the amount of latent heat absorbed when one ton of ice at 32f melts to water at 32f during 24 hours. Basic refrigeration cycle nina sri maulani 121624023 tptu 2012 2. Mechanical refrigeration works by changing the the majority of heat is removed from the the majority of the works by removedchanging the absorbed heat is state of the refrigerant. In other words, refrigeration is artificial humanmade cooling.
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